Today I have a question about hold signs. In Labanotation we use the “o” to indicate a pause, and when we want to write a meaningful pause, we use the “o” sign with a “v” above it. However, when we write a vertical Motif score, we use a blank space instead of an “o”. And I sometimes have seen the “o” in Effort phrase writing.

I would like to know when I should use the “o” and the blank space in vertical motif notation.

And what is the meaning of the “o” in Effort phrasing? Does it the mean “no Effort”?